It is rather difficult to overstate the potential ramifications this technology has for our understanding of human history. The technical details of how this feat was accomplished are fascinating, but I found the following passage to be most striking (emphasis mine):
Farritor, a SpaceX summer intern, decided to train his own machine learning model on those crackle patterns, improving his model with each new pattern found. The model eventually revealed the word “πορφυρας” meaning “purple dye” or “cloths of purple,” a word that rarely shows up in ancient texts. “When I saw the first image, I was shocked,” Federica Nicolardi, a papyrologist at the University of Naples in Italy who was among those who reviewed the findings, told Nature. “It was such a dream. I can actually see something from the inside of a scroll.”