Spirit, soul, or just another word for consciousness

(Not a response to Timtofly, must have pushed wrong button)

The situation is more complicated and to explore this I suggest looking at the Greek and Hebrew words.

In the NT it is the Greek word psychen which gets translated as “soul” and it is much more often translated as “life.” It is the Greek word “pneumati” that gets translated as “spirit,” and it is the same Greek word when speaking of possession by evil spirits or of the Holy Spirit. So in the case of “spirit” it is definitely referring to something supernatural that can exist without a body such as in those cases.

So the “soul” is closer but even in that case it is stretch. It doesn’t quite capture the very different way people thought. The word “psychen” derived from “breath” was the animating vital force. It was almost an alchemical idea of life as some kind of stuff or thing which gave the body life. The difference from “pneumati” is a subtle one for in that case the word is derived from wind and also used for breath. So we have the soul/psychen (life-breath) and spirit/pneumati (wind-breath).

So however subtle the difference, there definitely seems to be more of connection of the psychen to the natural physical body and the pneumati to the supernatural spiritual existence. And this is the contrast Paul uses in 1 Corinthians 15 using those same word to speak of the resurrection: “It is sown a natural (psychikon) body, it is raised a spiritual (pneumatikon) body.” But explains that while the first is perishable, weak, and of the earth, the second is imperishable, powerful, and of heaven.

So what of the Hebrew words in the OT?

The word translated as “soul” is “napsow” from “nephesh” and refers to living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, and or emotion. The word translated as “spirit” is “ruhow” from “ruach” meaning breath, wind, and spirit. It looks to me like the difference in this case is a bit less subtle. And I should point out that the context is much the same. Only in the case of spirit/ruach is the word used to refer to supernatural things like God and evil spirits (for angels it uses the word referring to messengers), while soul/nephesh is about the life of the physical body.

1 Like