When I’m faced with this question by unbelievers that I’m study with this is the general approach I take. I try to hit a wide range of issues.
The first is about how should we pray?
One thing that stands out if the example Jesus gave in Matthew 6.
It first starts off talking about how when we pray it should be to God, and not for the sake of appearing righteous. One of the examples it brings up also concerns helping the needy. Helping them because it’s the godly thing and not because of being recognized for doing it.
It then leads into Jesus giving an example of prayer. One of the things people overlook is that it does not say give my daily bread but give us our daily bread. We don’t need to just pray for ourselves but for others as well. We want all to be blessed. Not just our own individual well being. Ephesians 6:18 talks on this too. We are even told to pray for our enemies in Matthew 5:44 right before this.
Finally it goes into praying to God and having faith in him because being stressed over things beyond your control is a bit meaningless. Trust God will provide for you. But with that said is the examples of the birds. We are told to meditate on these things and consider them. What’s one thing we know? In addition to the goodness we see that birds starve to death. Jesus knew this. Jesus knows that even the blessed will face rough times and even the best will be hurt and die. I believe this is strongly associated with prayer for a reason. It’s alluding that despite God and wrong our prayers, we will suffer, we will want, and we will die and that goes for those we care about.
We are also told that we need others to pray for us as well. In James 5:13-16 it mentions getting elders to pray for us and confessing our sins to our brothers and sisters so that we may be healed. Why would confessing sins be tied into prayers?
Well plenty of scripture shows this.
Proverbs 15:29 NASB
29 The Lord is far from the wicked,
But He hears the prayer of the righteous.
Isaiah 59:2 NASB
2 But your iniquities have made a separation between you and your God,
And your sins have hidden His face from you so that He does not hear.
Sins make God turn from us. It’s when Jesus cried out why have you forsaken me. God turned away from the sins of the people.
Additionally we can pray with the wrong motive. Not only to be seen but for completely selfish reasons.
James 4:3 NASB
3 You ask and do not receive, because you ask on your pleasures.
Another thing is to remember we are praying for his will. Not our own. Jesus set this example in the garden of Gethsemane.
Also in:
1 John 5:14 New American Standard Bible (NASB)
14 This is the confidence which we have before Him, that, if we ask anything according to His will, He hears us.
John 15:7 NASB
7 If you abide in Me, and My words abide in you, ask whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.
Sometimes prayer and fasting are required together. Some debate exists over the exact wording of these.
Last thing to consider is this verse.
Matthew 7:7-8 New American Standard Bible NASB
Ask and you will receive. Seek and you will find. Knock and it will be opened to you. 8 For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened.
All these verses are about prayer. Prayer is not just asking once. It’s seeking it. It’s putting in the work for it. God is not a genie.
When someone is sitting a subject often they just select a few verses. In reality a subject needs to fit into a systematic understanding.