Yes, there may be some way to use the idea of a clinical trial to help us decide if a new technology is harmful. I take your point that humanity should think seriously about the implications of new technologies. Perhaps we could come up with well-defined metrics for clinical trials of technologies.
The difficulty I see is in narrowing the scope in a clinical trial. If the scope is broad, like harm/benefit, how do we decide when the harms of a new technology outweigh the benefits? Take the example of social media. Clearly it has been used for great harm - perhaps the greatest being the spread of misinformation. However, social media has been used for great benefit in helping people come together for good purposes. Is the harm of social media outweighing the benefit? For that matter, could we have decided if the new technology of the 15th century, the printing press, would bring more harm than good? That too has been used to spread misinformation and hate. But I think we would all agree that the printing press brought great benefit to humanity.