Welcome to the forum, Scott. I think you have some great questions, and while there are resources on the site that answer them far better than myself, will try to throw a few thoughts out there. To me, it is not the same, as the scientific evidence for deep time and for evolution is merely looking at the mechanism though which God has worked, observing the physical creation he has placed before us. It is no different than explaining how hurricanes form, or rain falls. Whereas, with the resurrection, it is a miraculous event that defies observation and explanation.
One thing that confuses me that you brought up is the statement:
Personally, I see no philosophically based arguments for evolution and deep time, only observational ones. Could you give me an example of a philosophical argument for evolution?