The NABAL says in his heart gives us several clues:
(1) Remember the foolish man Nabal who wouldn’t feed David and his men? Ancient Hebrews made this automatic linkage between the man named Nabal and the meaning of his name.
(2) “Says in his heart” should be understood in contrast to “says with his mouth/tongue”.
This scripture “The fool says in his heart, there is no God.” gets applied often to atheists today but that is OPPOSITE of its meaning. The NABAL is the one who claims to believe in God but he makes decisions and chooses to do sinful things *even though he knows full well that YHWH will see what he does and judge him for it."
So the atheist is not in mind here [Of course, it is difficult to find references to atheists in the scriptures] but the theist who nevertheless lives and thinks AS IF there is no YHWH to see his sin. That is truly a fool!
Ironically, those who seems to most love hurling this scripture at today’s atheists are the very types of legalist hypocrites that the scripture was talking about.
P.S. I see now that Fmiddel captured this meaning quite well.
No. I should have said Matthew had no equivalent expression to record the one Jesus evidently used. I think there is pretty good evidence that Greek was the lingua franca of the multi-lingual region of his ministry and Jesus probably did preach some in Koine and probably employed a good deal of code mixing and switching.
Thanks for the clarification. I thought you might have intended something along that line.
I’ve not tried to update my knowledge of where scholars presently stand on the Aramaic vs. Greek issue. I’m probably a reflection of my era in tending to thinking in Aramaic terms, especially in defying the traditional sermons about “big rock” vs. “little stone” in the Petros/petra exegesis about Peter. The paranoia of evangelicals about Peter getting too much supremacy has always amused me.