Spiral galaxies are powerful evidences for a grammatical creation. On the fourth day, Elohim continues (imperfect verb) to speak to the lights in the sky for them to continue to become spreading things (Hebrew noun raqiya). Raqa is the verb to pound out and spread out. Raqiya is the noun of that verb, the object that is spreading out. He commands the Sun, Moon and stars to continue (imperfect verbs or participles) to become spreading things in the sky. Repeatedly, in Isaiah, Psalms and elsewhere, the Creator claims to continue to spread out the plural heavens, to continue to call the stars to come out.
Indeed, early galaxies are often naked, without starry arms. Their atoms shine at tiny fractions of the frequencies of modern atoms. Wait, we measure unchanging atoms, says the astronomer. Empirical science was founded on the Thomasian notion that the essence of substance is changeless. Even the physics definitions, measuring units and mathematical methods depend on Thomas’ metaphysics. Peter predicted that in the last days some would obfuscate the evidence that the heavens came out long ago (ouranoi ek palai) because they believe that all things remain the same. Yet we can see how the properties of matter keep shifting throughout cosmic history.
We often see globs packed with stars around those early spirals. The globs often have different spectral colors than the core. At many ranges, billion of galaxies become spreading things as stars globs (often blue) continue to emerge from the cores. Evidently God is continuing to command light to give form to matter, just like he did on day one for the Earth. Indeed, the Earth continues to grow exactly as we read repeatedly in the Hebrew text.
In spirals the star globs follow each other out in lanes, steadily accelerating outwards. This is why spiral galaxies always have logarithmic spaced arms, a sure sign of continuous acceleration. (Major moons and multiplanet systems also have logarithmic spacing, as we see in our own solar system and exoplanet systems with multiple planets. This is a sure sign that the lights in the sky are also continuously accelerating outwards, becoming spreading things just like we read in the Creation text.
Why would they continue to accelerate? The visible properties of matter continue to shift throughout cosmic history. Even local atomic clocks, when compared to their own reflections from hours ago, also accelerate at the approximate same distance-rate as the atoms in countless galaxies (Pioneer Anomaly).
The star globs continue to emerge and spread out from the cores until day seven. Only nearby spirals have dust bars. On the seventh day, God ended the intensity of creating the stars. Yet the finishing continues (imperfect verbs in Genesis 2:1-3). Only dust emerges from the cores beginning on day seven, rather than streams of stars. The visible history of the universe only fits the Hebrew creation text.
Victor